| c.2000 | SARDINIA, under Bell Beaker culture 2100-1800, phase 1 from 2100, comes under phase 2 until 1900. Shows influences from central Europe. | 2000 wikPNS |
| c.2000 | MALTA: in Bronze Age culture 2400-700, Tarxien Cemetery phase from 2400 ends. Replaced by south Italian culture until 800. | 2000 B76 11-391, rcSI |
| c.2000 | EARLY Λ BRONZE AGE, in Greece and Aegean from 3000, ends. MIDDLE BRONZE begins until ??. | 2000 ISBE 2-559 |
| c.2000 | EARLY CYCLADIC period from 3200 ends. EARLY CYCLADIC-3 (also called Phylakopi culture) from 2300 ends. MIDDLE CYCLADIC (aka Minoan?) period begins until ??00. But Cycladic culture continues until 1100. | 2000 TAWH 16, mxfld, wikCcA, wikHCc |
| c.2000 | City of Phylakopi on Melos V Island in Cyclades trades in OBSIDIAN, volcanic glass found there for 5,000 years. | 2000 TTPC |
| c.2000 | ROADS: A road of blocks is on Skyros Island in Aegean. | 2000 SHT 1-714 |
| c.2000 | BOATS: Minoans use ribs and planking on sides, joined on both ends. Minoans begin roaming unchallenged on the Aegean Sea until 1600. Some sail from Mediterranean as far as north Scotland. | 2000 B76 16-677, SHT 2-569, mxfld, TAWH 16 |
| c.2000 | SQUARE SAILS assist Cretan & Phoenician oarsmen on ships in Aegean Sea and East Mediterranean. | 2000 TAWH 16, TTPC, mxfld |
| c.2000 | THASOS Island in north Aegean, colonized by Thracians until 1600. | 2000 rcAg |
| c.2000 | PLUMBING: Minoan nobility have bathtubs filled and emptied by vertical stone pipes cemented at their joints. Sewage systems appear. Palace at Knossos has exquisite potteries and tiles, bath rooms with running water, toilets with drainage systems and evidence of rich jewelery. | 2000 EOET 200, TTT, mxfld |
| c.2000 | Crude LENSES appear in Anatolia and Crete. | 2000 B76 18-97 |
| c.2000 | States form. 1st palaces built at Knossos, Malia, Zakro, Phaistos. Each palace is the center of a town. They all last until 1700. | 2000 B76 19-274, MCAW 21, PW 140, mxfld, wik20 1900 RAH 121 |
| c.2000 | Minoan JEWELRY develops hammered relief design, ornamentation by tiny metal balls, gemstone inlays. | 2000 B76 19-275 |
| c.2000 | KNOSSOS Crete population 1,800. | 2000 wikMnC |
| 80,000 | 2000 mxfld |
| c.2000 | Short paved roads appear at Knossos. | 2000 SHT 1-714, TTT |
| c.2000 | Solid WHEELED V vehicles appear in Crete, Asia, Europe, Aram, and Egypt. (See Anatolia 1800) | 2000 SHT 1-211 1250 SHT 1-719 |
| c.2000 | EARLY CYPRIOT period from ?, transitions peacefully to MIDDLE CYPRIOT period, which lasts until ?. | 2000 B76 19-274 |
| c.2000 | PERFUME, in Egypt by 3000, a factory exists on Cyprus. Specializes in scents like coriander, laurel, myrtle, lavender, and rosemary. See Mesopotamia | 2000 prfm, wikPrf |
| c.1950 | POTTER'S Λ WHEEL V: Evidence of pivoted disks in Greece, Crete, Uruk, and Egypt. Foot wheels also in Greece and Crete. | 2000 SHT 1-203
1950 MCAW 21 1800 SHT 1-200 |
| c.1900 |  NURAGIC AGE begins in Sardinia until 730. A nuraghe is a beehive shaped megalithic building made of many layers of stones whose size diminishes with height. |
photo Gianni Careddu 1900 wikNrg 1800 wikHSr 1600 wikBC |
| c.1900 | SARDINIA, under Bell Beaker phase 2 from 2000, comes under phase 3 until 1800. Documented in sites Lu Marinaru and Padru Jossu (Undecorated Beaker). | 1900 wikPNS |
| c.1900 | Cretan Hieroglyphic , oldest form of Cretan writing V, begins until 1600. (never deciphered) (See Arabia 2000, Mesopotamia 2000, Egypt 1800) |
1900 B76 1-838, PW 14 evidenced 1625 wikCH |
| c.1900 | PHAISTOS on south coast of central Crete from 3600, 2nd largest city after Knossos, has 1st palace built. It will be destroyed and rebuilt 3 times in 3 centuries. | 1900 wikPst |
| c.1900 | Minoan palace at ZAKROS on east coast of Crete built. Rebuilt 1600. Destroyed 1450. | 1900 wikZkr |
| c.1850 | CRETE: MIDDLE MINOAN-I ends. Began 2100. MIDDLE MINOAN-II begins until 1700. |
1950 RAH 121 1850 B76 16-677, MCAW 15 & 20 1800 CAH I-2, wikMnP 1700 wikMnC |
| c.1850 | MIDDLE CYPRUS Period-1 begins until 1800. | 1900 wikHC 1850 CAH 2.1-165 |
| c.1800 | CORSICA: Chalcolithic Age from 3000 ends. Bronze Age begins until 700. | 1800 wikPCr |
| c.1800 | SARDINIA, under Bell Beaker culture from 2100, phase 3 from 1900, comes under Bonnanaro culture (A phase) until 1600. | 1800 wikHSr, wikPNS |
| c.1800 | BRONZE V appears on Sardinia. | 1800 B76 19-278 |
| c.1800 | CASTELLUCCIO Culture in southeast Sicily from 2200 ends. Circular huts, Ceramic glass decorated with brown lines on orange background, and also tri-color, carved bones. Weapons are greenstone and basalt axes and, in later settlements, bronze axes. Burials in rounded tombs carved into rock, with doors with relief carving of spiral symbols and sexual motifs. | 1800 wikCsc |
| c.1800 | MIDDLE CYPRUS Period-1 ends. MIDDLE CYPRUS Period-2 begins until 1700. |
1800 CAH 2.1-165 |
| c.1800 | A Λ DAGGER blade of 1800 found in the Lasithi plain of eastern Crete is the earliest known predecessor of ornamented dagger blades from Mycenae. Engravings show a fight between 2 bulls and a man spearing a boar. | 1800 B76 11-1096 |
| c.1800 | RESURRECTION: A temple for the dead near Arkhanes south of Knossos contains a noble woman's grave, which includes a gold signet ring with a cult scene confirming that Minoans believed in a dying and resurrecting god. | 1800 mxfld |
| c.1750 |  Exact repros of a Cretan Skyphos (left) and a Prochus "beak shaped" (right). |
18-1700 Hellenic-Art.com |
| c.1700 | Λ CRETE: MIDDLE MINOAN-II period ends. Began 1850. MIDDLE MINOAN-III begins until 1600. MIDDLE MINOAN-IIIa begins until 1660. |
1800 RAH 121 1750 wikMnC 1700 B76 5-252, 16-677, 19-274, CAH I-2, II-1-141, MCAW 24, TTPC 6, mxfld, pczy, wikMnP |
| 1st Minoan palaces at Knossos, Zakro, Phaistos, & Mallia from 2000, destroyed probably by EARTHQUAKE. 3 crushed skeletons found at Minoan temple in Anemospilia. Cities rebuilt c.1650. |
| c.1700 |  "Snake Goddess" figures from Knossos. |
 Clay house model from Archanes. |
left wikComFM 1700 B76 19-274 right: Zde 1700 wikMnP |
| c.1700 | MIDDLE CYPRUS Period-2 ends. Began 1800. MIDDLE CYPRUS Period-3 begins until 1600. |
1700 CAH 2.1-165 |
| c.1700 | SWORDS developed in the Aegean, using alloys of copper and tin or arsenic. Bronze Age swords are typically not longer than 80cm. The first definite swords (not daggers) are in Minoan Crete, which reached more than 100cm long. Before 1400, swords remained mostly limited to the Aegean and SE Europe. | 1700 wikBAS |
| c.1650 | 
APA type SWORDS appear in Black Sea and Aegean areas as a further development of the dagger. Previous swords were usually 60-80cm long. Apa swords reach over 100cm. Technology to produce blades this long developed using alloys of copper and tin or arsenic c.1700. |
photo Dbachmann 17-1600 wikBAS |
| c.1650 | CRETE: MIDDLE MINOAN-IIIa ends. Began 1700. IIIb begins until 1600. |
1660 CMoG 3-69 1650 wikMnP |
| c.1650 | Λ CRETAN WRITING V: Linear-A begins on Crete until 1450, in CYCLADES until ?. (See Egypt 1800) | 1700 B76 VI-238, ISBE 1-814, ISBE 1-814, 1650 PW 14, SHT 1-759 1600 B76 1-838 by 1400 B76 8-392 |
| c.1628 | THERA Island in Cyclades: Cretan settlement destroyed by volcano. Rains ash on Crete. Tidal wave over 100 ft high. City of AKROTIRI from
4500 also destroyed. Causes famine in Egypt. Evidence of this appears in Greenland, Ireland. |
late 17th cen: crnl 1630 stnr 1628 wikME 1650-25 wikHP 1520 TTPC 1500 B76 IX-943, MCAW 32, OCD 1060, TAWH 66, mxfld, wikMG |
| c.1600 | SARDINIA, under Bonnanaro culture (A phase) from 1800, comes under ???? until 00. | 1600 wikHSr |
| c.1600 | CORSICA & SARDINIA occupied by Celto Ligurians from southern Gaul. | 1600 mxfld |
| c.1600 | SARDINIA: occupied by permanent settlements from 6000, shows first evidence of trade with Aegean. | 1600 wikSrd |
| c.1600 | CRETE: MIDDLE MINOAN (Old Palace) period ends. Began 2100. MIDDLE MINOAN-III ends.Began 1700. | 1700 wikMnC 1650 MCAW 26 1600 B76 19-275, MCAW 28,29,31, RAH 121, TTPC, wikMnP 1550 B76 VI-920, LEWH 20 1500 ISBE 1-814 |
| MIDDLE MINOAN-IIIb ends. Began 1650. LATE MINOAN period begins until 1100. LATE MINOAN-I (New Palace-2) begins until 1450. |
||
| Palaces at Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, Zakro. Snake Goddess figures at Knossos & elsewhere show "Mother Earth" goddess worship. Bull leap frescos at Knossos. Human and animal sacrifices. |
| c.1600 | Cretan Hieroglyphic , oldest form of Λ Cretan writing V from 1900, ends. (never deciphered) (See Linear-B 1500 Ugaritic 1500) |
1600 B76 1-838 1500 wikCH |
| c.1600 | MINOAN civilization peaks. | 1600 RAH |
| c.1600 | Mainland Greece renews contact with Crete. | 1600 B76 19-276 |
| c.1600 | KNOSSOS Crete population 20,000. | 1600 wikMnC |
| c.1600 | Mycenean SHIPS now compete with Minoan shipping, which has been without competition from 2000. | 1600 mxfld |
| c.1600 | THASOS Island in north Aegean, under Thracians from 2000, comes back under Phoenicians until ???, who are attracted by the gold mines. | 1600 rcAg 1500 Copilot |
| c.1600 | CYPRUS: Early Λ BRONZE AGE from 2500 ends. MIDDLE BRONZE CYPRUS Period-3 ends. Began 1700. LATE BRONZE Period begins until 1050. Sophisticated literate city states such as Enkomi-Alasia and Kition. |
1600 cpnt, wikHC 1600-1550 CAH 2.1-165, |
| c.1550 | Mycenean trading posts appear in Sicily and Aeolian Islands just north of Sicily. | 1600-1500 PAE 134 |
| c.1500 | SARDINIA: Villages begin to be built around round tower-fortresses, which are often reinforced and enlarged with battlements. | 1500 wikSrd |
| c.1500 | THAPSOS Culture begins in village of Thapsos, and spreads thruout Sicily until 1200. Burials are large rock-cut chamber tombs, often of tholos-type. | 1500 wikTpc |
| 1500 | Mt. ETNA Sicily erupts V 1st recorded time. | 1500 vorg |
| c.1500 | AEGEAN: Polished stone ax heads mostly superseded by bronze. | 1500 SHT 1-504 |
| by 1500 | OIL LAMPS made in Crete by throwing a bowl, then pinching it to form the spout to hold the wick. (See Europe 2000, Egypt 2000) |
1500 wik |
| by 1500 | Mycenean Greeks have strong influence in Crete. | 1500 B76 5-253 |
| c.1500 | SPOKED Λ WHEELS, in Asia from 2000, in Canaan and Egypt from at least 1600, appear in Crete and Greece. | 1500 SHT 1-212 |
| c.1500 | BEAM PRESS using a lever to press liquid from olives & grapes invented in Aegean area. | 1500 TTT |
| c.1500 | HITTITES rule Cyprus until 1450. | 1500 cpnt |
| c.1480 | Mycenaean pottery reaches Ionia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. | early 15th cen. wikMG |
 Exact repros of CRETAN WARE with approx. dates by Hellenic-Art.com |
| c.1475 | MYCENEANS of Greece invade and conquer eastern CRETE. | 1475 vrb early 15th cen.: PAE 134 |
| c.1450 | CRETE: KNOSSOS & other cities destroyed by quake (or possibly Thera eruption). | 1600 RAH 121 1450 B76 5-253, CMoG3 145 1425 vrb |
| c.1450 | Λ CRETAN WRITING: Linear-A script from 1650, ends. Mycenean script Linear-B begins. 88 symbols (combination of a consonant and a vowel) each denoting a syllable used here until 1150, and in Greece. Used only for administrative purposes. Shows agricultural prosperity, especially in number of sheep. Grain rations go to Earth Mother Goddess as well as people. (See Linear-B 1500, Ugaritic 1500, Veracruz 1000) |
1600 B76 VI-238 1500 TAWH 16 1450 MCAW 33, SHWC 26, vrb, wikCH 1400 B76 8-392, 9-431, MCAW 33-37, SHT 1-759 |
| c.1450 | CRETE: A CHARIOT is portrayed drawn by 2 GOATS. See Europe 1350. | 1450 SHT 1-729 |
| c.1450 | CRETE: LATE MINOAN-1 (New Palace-2) period ends. Began 1600. Destroyed by earthquakes and Mycenean invasion. | 1500 RAH 121 1470 wikMnC 1450 B76 5-253, 19-275, CAH 2.1, MCAW 32,34, LEWH 60, PW 15, TAWH 16, wikMnP 1400 CMoG3 145, IDB 4-915, wikMG 1100 LEWH 20 |
| Knossos becomes the only government center. Myceneans build palace at Knossos. | ||
| MYCENEAN PERIOD (Late Minoan-2) begins until 1400. |
| c.1450 | CRETE: MYCENEAN PERIOD has more formalized pottery style. Light hearted Minoan art is replaced by focus on religion. A Mycenaean elite rules Knossos until ?. | 1450 MCAW 35, wikMnC 1300 MCAW 41 |
| c.1450 | Mycenean colony on RHODES. | 1450 CMoG3 145 |
| c.1450 | CYPRUS: Hittite rule from 1500 ends. Egyptian domination begins until 1000. |
1450 cpnt |
| c.1450 | CYPRUS: already full of Minoan culture, receives influx of Myceneanized Minoans. | 1450 MCAW 34 1400 B76 5-406 |
 Exact repros of CRETAN WARE with approx. dates by Hellenic-Art.com |
| c.1435 | MARBLES played on Crete by Minoan kids with polished jasper and agate. | 1435 EOET 368 |
| c.1425 | Mycenean colony on COS Island. | 1425 CMoG3 145 |
| c.1405 | PAPHOS Cyprus founded by Kinyras Paphitis. Rebuilt 1183. | 1405 wikAGhC |
| c.1400 | The palace of Knossos yields earliest records of Greek Linear-B script, based on the previous Linear-A of the Minoans. | 1400 wikMG |
| c.1400 | CRETE invaded by Achaeans again, Knossos burned, palace of Minos burned. | 1400 BCoC 259, CWH, LEWH 60 1380 CAH 2.1-543 1375 B76 19-275 |
| c.1400 | CRETE: MYCENEAN PERIOD ends. Began 1450. LATE MINOAN-3 (Post Palace-1) begins until 1100. Palace at Knossos destroyed by earthquake. |
1420 wikMnC 1405 CMoG 3-69 1400 MCAW 36,37, RAH 127, pczy, wikMnP |
| c.1400 | CYCLADES, under Minoans from 17th century, comes under Myceneans until 1000. | 1400 OCD 304 |
| c.1400 | Mycenean colonies begin thruout Aegean Sea. | 1400 PAE 134 |
| c.1400 | MYCENEAN civilization peaks. | 1400 RAH |
| c.1400 | MYCENEANS, on Crete 1475-1100, sail to CYPRUS. | 1400 vrb |
| c.1400 | CYPRUS: Cypro-Mycenean script begins. Never desciphered. | 1400 IDB 4-915 |
| c.1400 | A figure of a lyre player is carved on a sarcophagus in Ayia Triadha Crete. Its long sleve tunic is adopted from Myceneans. A priest bringing offerings wears fur skirts. | 1400 B76 5-1020 |
| c.1375 | Cretan SEAL ENGRAVERS phase out. | 1375 B76 19-275 |
| c.1360 | KNOSSOS Crete population 30,000. | 1360 wikMnC |
| c.1350 | PIRATES become a significant menace in east Mediterranean. | 14th cen. PAE 158 |
| c.1350 | King of Alasiya (Cyprus) complains to pharaoh Akhenaton of raids by barbarian Luka. | 1350 PAE 158 |
| c. 1325 | 
ULUBURUN SHIPWRECK: SINKS 50m off eastern shore of Uluburun, and 9.7km southeast of Kas in southwest Turkey. It was 15-16m long, constructed by the shell-first method, with mortise-and-tenon joints like later Graeco-Roman ships, carried 24 stone anchors. It was built with planks and keel of Lebanese cedar and oak tenons. The keel is more of a keel-plank than a traditional keel. The cargo was mostly raw materials - trade items, known from ancient texts or Egyptian tomb paintings, similar to royal gifts listed in the Amarna letters. |
wooden model of ship GNU FDL 1350-00 wikUS |
| c.1315 | Ahhiyawa seizes various islands, presumably in the Aegean. | 1315 wikMG |
| c.1300 | BEAKER PEOPLE in Balearic Islands from 2475 end. | 1300 wikBC |
 Exact repros of CRETAN WARE with approx. dates by Hellenic-Art.com |
 GNU FDL |
| c.1293 | SICILY: under the Sicani from 8000 and Elymians from ?, invaded by SICELS from Italy, forcing the Sicani to central Sicily. Dorians and Ionians settle on south and east coasts. | 1293 HRR 1200 wikS |
| c.1270 | Part of the Ausone tribe moves from Campania Italy to Sicily. | 1270 wikAsn |
| c.1250 | Period of CLIMATIC CHANGE and MIGRATION begins in Mediterranean area until 1150. | 1250 pczy |
| c.1240 | SLASHING SWORD with a flanged hilt-grip, in central Europe from 1350, begins in central Aegean area. | 1325 CMoG3 146 soon after 1250 PAE 159 |
| c.1225 | Period of many EARTHQUAKES begins in Mediterranean area until 1175. Affects: Mycenae, Tiryns, Midea, Thebes, Pylos, Kynos, Lefkandi, Profitis Elias, the Menelaion and Kastanas in Thessaly, Korakou, and Gla. In eastern Mediterranean, earthquake damage appears at Troy, Karaoglun, Hattusa, Ugarit, Alalakh, Megiddo, Ashdod, and Acco. | 1225 pczy |
 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
| c.1200 | THAPSOS Culture in Sicily from 1500 ends. Burials are large rock-cut chamber tombs, often of tholos-type. | 1200 wikTpc |
| c.1200 | SICILY: Λ OLIVES found in a Mycenean cemetery. | 1200 SHT 1-359 |
| c.1200 | ACHAEANS, pressed by Doric and Aeolian tribes from the north, start migrating to Crete, Cyprus, Anatolia, and south Italy. | 1200 vrb |
| c.1200 | ANTIKYTHIRA Island (between Kythera Island and Crete) comes under Myceneans and Dorians until 546. | 1200 rcAg |
| c.1200 | IRON AGE begins on CRETE. (See Anatolia 1400, Indus Valley 1300, Levant 1200, Europe 900, Africa 700) |
1200 B76 5-253 |
| c.1200 | Mycenean strongholds on Crete destroyed by fire. | 1200 B76 19-276 |
 Exact repros of CRETAN WARE dated approx. 1200 by Hellenic-Art.com |
| c.1183 | PAPHOS Cyprus, founded 1405, rebuilt by Agapenor Ancaeou, king of Arcadia, who also builds a sanctuary to Aphrodite at Kouklia. | 1183 wikAGhC |
| c.1182 | ALASHIYA Cyprus is sacked by Sea Peoples. | 1182 hifi |
| c.1180 | SALAMIS Cyprus founded by Teucer Telemonides. | 12-1000 cpnt 1180 wikAGhC |
| c.1175 | Period of many EARTHQUAKES ends. In Mediterranean area from 1225. | 1175 pczy |
| c.1150 | Period of CLIMATIC CHANGE and MIGRATION ends. In Mediterranean area from 1250. | 1150 pczy |
| c.1150 | 
Stirrup vase with octopus design, Terracotta from Rhodes, Late Helladic III C1
. |
photo: Jastrow 12-1100 wikHC |
| c. 1150 | DORIANS, in Greece from 1200, spread to CRETE, destroy remnant of Minoan civilization. Myceneans on Crete evaccuate, mostly to Arcadia and Attica, some to Anatolia. | 1200 wikCH 1150 B76 VI-238, mxfld 1100 B76 19-276, CWH, MCAW 50 |
| Cretan Linear-B script from 1450 ends. (See Linear-B 1500 Phoenician 1100, Veracruz 1000 Phoenician 950, Semitic 950 |
| c.1150 | DEMOPHON THESIDES, king of Athens, dies in Cyprus. | 1150 wikAGhC |
| c.1100 | MYCENEANS on Crete chased out by Dorians, some to Anatolia. This begins the Ionian migration to Anatolia. | 1100 MCAW 50 |
| c.1100 | CYCLADIC Culture, mostly on Amorgos island from 3200, ends. LATE CYCLADIC from ??? also ends. | 1100 wikCcA |
| c.1100 | CRETE: LATE MINOAN-3 (Post Palace-1) ends. Began 1400. | 1260 MCAW 43 1100 B76 VI-920, CMoG 3-69, RAH 121, wikMnP 1075 wikMnC |
| c.1100 | RHODES occupied by Dorians (mainly from Argos) until 1000. | 1100 B76 VIII-552 |
 Exact repros of CRETAN WARE dated approx. 1100 by Hellenic-Art.com |
| c.1050 | MYTILENE, Lesbos founded by Penthilis family from Thessaly. Ruled by the Penthilidae until 585. | 11th cen wikLsbs 1050 B76 VI-164 |
| c.1050 | LATE BRONZE Period in Cyprus from 1600 enfd. EARLY IRON AGE begins on CYPRUS until 525. Geometric Period begins until 700. |
1100 cpnt 1050 cpnt, wikHC |
But none of these ages and periods much matter, because sources disagree on how to divide them.
Mediterranean 1000-501
V