| c.329 | KABUL (Gandahar), city and district in GANDARA (Peshawar), under Persia from 535, conquered by Alex-III, under Macedonia until 312. | 329 lvLx, rcCAS 327 B76 9-350, wikG 326 lvG |
| c.329 | MAHAPADAMA Nanda ends. Raja of Magadha from 345. 7 rajas succeed and end in same year. PANDHUKA succeeds until 321. Capital at Pataliputra. | 329 wikNE |
| c.329/8 | KABUL VALLEY occupied by Macedonians until spring. | 329/8 CHI 348 |
| c.327 | ARIGAEUM, city of the Paropamisus, in north India, abandoned and burnt at approach of Alex-III. | 327 DGRG 1-212 |
| c.327 | AMBHI raja of Taxila Gandara, at war with PORUS raja of Auravas at Lahore, invites ALEX-III to help him. Ambhi is called Taxiles by the Macedonians because he was raja of Taxila. |
327 LEWH 79, wikTax |
| c.327 | PHILIP son of Machatas appointed satrap of India, including areas west of Hydaspes until 325. | 327 DGRBM 3-270 |
| c.326 | Hephaestion and Perdiccas arrive at Indus R., build a bridge north of Attock, city in Gandara and negotiate with Ambhi. | 326 lvG, lvLx |
| c.326 | ALEX-III begins Indian campaign until 325, crosses INDUS River near Ohind. | 327 CAH 6, CDCC 457, DGRBM 1-121, Dur 2-546, KIH 63, MCAW 170, OHG, TToH, hmLx, hwD 327/6 lvG 326 B76 1-471, CAH 6-829, CDCC 34, GHH, LEWH 55, RAH 340-1, WNHI 55, bk, lvLx |
| c.326 | TAXILA Gandara (between the Indus and Hydaspes) welcomes ALEX-III. | 326 B76 17-1083, WNHI 56, lvLx, lxtl |
| c.326 | Local prince ABISARES submists to Alex-III, but PORUS, ruler of the rich country between the Hydaspes and Acesines rivers, prepares for defense. | 326 CAH 6-829 |
| c.326 | ALEX-III and Ambhi arrive at the Hydaspes River, opposed by PORUS (with 34,000 men and 200 elephants) on east bank, outflanks Porus, shoots fire arrows into his elephant cavalry. Elephants turn and trample their own infantry. Porus is defeated and becomes ally of Alex-III. | 326 B76 V-234, 1-471, 8-375, CAH 6-831, CDCC 307, DGRG 1-454, GHH, HCIP 2-48, LEWH 79, MCAW 170, OHG, RAH 344, hmLx, lvG, lvLx, lxtl |
| c.326 | Ambhi is sent by Alex-III to pursue Porus. Ambhi and Porus are reconciled by mediation of Alex-III. | 326 B76 1-471, 8-375, CDCC 307, LEWH 79, RAH 344 |
| c.326 | BUCEPHALAS, Alex-III's horse, wounded at Battle of Hydaspes, dies. | 327 MCAW 170 326 CAH 6, DGRG 1-454, hmLx, lxtl, wikLx |
| c.326 | Cities of NICAEA (meaning victory) and BUCEPHALA (for his dead horse) founded by ALEX-III at the Hydaspes River. | 326 GHH, wikNica |
| c.326 | ALEX-III spends 30 days at the Hydaspes River, has some of his troops stay behind and build 800 ships. | 326 B76 8-375, DGRBM 1-121, RAH 344, TTPC |
| c.326 | Ambhi is allowed to rule Taxila under Macedonian satrap PHILIP until 325. | 326 B76 17-1083, lvG |
| c.326 | Ambhi, after helping to equip the fleet on the Hydaspes, is entrusted with the territory between the Hydaspes and the Indus. | 326 wikTax |
| c.326 | PORUS, who had lost his army and owed his life to Alex, is appointed satrap of his own kingdom. | 326 lvLx |
| c.326 | PHRATRAPHERNES, satrap of Parthia, rejoins Alex-III in India, but soon returns to his satrapy. | after defeat of Porus: DGRBM 3-358 |
| c.326 | ALEX-III plans to conquer Magadha, ferries army across Acesines River. | Jun 326 lvLx |
| c.326 | Hephaestion is ordered to build a garrison town on the banks of the Acesines, where veteran mercenaries are left behind. | 326 lvG |
| 326 | ALEX-III, crosses Hydraotes River. | 326 lvLx |
| 326 | SANGALA, capital of the Cathaei, between rivers Hydraotes and Hyphasis taken by Alex-III and Porus with elephants and 5,000 local troops. Destroyed. | 326 DGRG 1-569, GHH |
| 326 Jun 27/8 |
LUNAR ECLIPSE is interpreted By Macedonian army as an evil omen. | 326 lvLx |
| c.326 | ASHTAKARAJA raja of Astakas at Pushkalavati, defies Alex-III, besieged 30 days, dies fighting. | 326 LEWH 79 |
| c.326 | ALEX-III advances as far as Gurdaspur on River Beas (Greek Hyphasis), wants to continue east. Army refuses. Alex makes speeches, then sulks in his tent 3 days, makes sacrifices, says omens are unfavorable. He returns to the Hydaspes and orders his troops there to finish building the fleet. | 326 CAH 6-832, HCIP 2-50, LEWH 79, MCAW 170, OCD 40, RAH 344, TToH, lvLx, lxtl 325 GHH |
| c.326 | AMBHI reconciled to PORUS and sent back to Taxila to rule between Indus and Hydaspes Rivers. He is under Macedonian satrap Philip until 325. | 326 RAH 344 |
| c.326 | PORUS is left to rule between Hydaspes and Hydrates Rivers with Macedonian garrison commander Eudemos until 317. | 326 guess |
| c.326 | Macedonian general COENUS dies within days of the decision to return. No rumors of poisoning or murder. | 326 CAH 6-833, lvG, lvLx |
| c.326 | SUGAR CANE, in India from ?, discovered by Macedonians. Admiral Nearchus writes of reeds "that produce honey though there are no bees". | 325 TTPC |
| c.326 | ALEX-III and 8,000 troops board ships on the Hyphasis, flanked by troops on both banks under Craterus and Hephaestion. Alex actually believed the Indus River flowed into the Nile. Satrap Philip follows 3 days behind to guard the rear. | 327 DGRBM 1-121 326 B76 1-471, 8-375, HCIP 2-50, KIH 75, OHG, RAH 345, lvG 325 GHH |
| c.326 | Peak of political unification under Maurya rule. | 326 WMHI 37 |
| c.325 | MUSICANOS, ruler of a kingdom on the Indus, hurries to bow to Alex-III and offer gifts. He is allowed to retain his kingdom, but when Alex-III moves west to attack Porticanos, Musicanos is induced by the bramins to rebel. | 325 DGRBM 2-1127 |
| c.325 | MUSICANOS, ruler of a kingdom on the Indus, defeated and captured, along with his main brahmins by general Python. All are crucified on order of Alex-III. | 325 DGRBM 2-1127 |
| c.325 | Macedonians have to fight thru countries of the Oxydracae and Mallians between the Hydaspes and Hyphasis Rivers. | 326 CAH 6-833 325 GHH, Jan lvLx |
| c.325 | Soothsayer Demophon warns Alex-III that his life will be in danger if he attacks Malli. | 326 DGRBM 1-979 |
| c.325 | Alex-III besieges capital of the Malli. Alex-III is the 1st man over the wall! An arrow penetrates his lung. He is rescued by Abreas, who is killed, Peucestas, and a bodyguard named Leonnatus. Greek surgeon Critobulos extracts the arrow. | 326 DGRBM 1-893, WMHI 37 325 GHH, lvLx |
| c.325 | Mallians surrender to Macedonians, followed by the Oxydracae. | 325 lvLx |
| c.325 | Mushika, raja of Sindhu, fails to pay homage to Alex, and is conquered. Alex immediately attacks Mushika's neighbor, raja Oxicanus, who reigned near modern Sukkur. | 325 lvLx |
| c.325 | Alex attacks Sindimana, capital of raja Sambhu, between the Kirthar range and the Indus. Alex continues south. | 325 lvLx |
| c.325 | States north of Alex rebel, inspired by brahmans in town of Harmatelia. Craterus is sent to suppress them. Macedonians kill many rebels. Brahmans are hanged. Mushika, who had supported the revolt, is crucified. Raja Sambus escapes. Brahman rebellion spreads north; NICANOR, satrap of Gandara from 326 is killed, but eventually, the Macedonian garrison pacifies the area. | 325 lvLx |
| c.325 | PITHON, son of Agenor, made satrap of the Indus intil 316. | 325 wikPsA |
| c.325 mid | ALEX-III and troops reach deserted city of Patala where the Indus divides into 2 branches, finds inhabitants, persuades most to return, builds harbor and dockyards, explores both branches of Indus River. | 325 B76 1-471, July CAH 6-834, CHI 379, HCIP 2-51, LEWH 79, RAH 345, lxtl |
| c.325 | ALEXANDRIA on the Indus founded. | 325 B76 I-227 |
| c.325 mid | ALEX-III and 3/4 of the army (50-60,000 men) leave admiral Nearchus in Patala and start for Carmania. | 325 lvG, lvLx |
| c.325 | ALEX-III arrives at mouth of Indus River, divides army into 3 parts to return to Persia. Craterus with ⅓ of Alex-IIIs army, with elephants, siege train, sick and wounded, is sent north to Quetta. Alex marches west. Nearchus with ⅓ to sail Indian Ocean toward Persian Gulf. | 326 DGRBM 1-121 325 B76 1-471, 8-375, CAH 6-835, CDCC 34, Dur 2-458, 502, GHH, KIH 76, LEWH 55, 79, MCAW 170, OHG, RAH 345, hmLx, lxtl |
| c.325 | Admiral Nearchus is forced by rebels to leave his base in Patala and set sail. Ships encounter adverse winds and take almost a week to reach Ocean. | 325 GHH, Sep lvG, lvLx |
| c.325 | Admiral Nearchus reaches Persian Gulf. | 325 Oct CAH 6 |
| c.325 | Macedonian satrap Peithon, goes to the Punjab, reappointed as satrap. Southern India is given up. | Sep 325 lvLx |
| c.325 | PHILIP son of Machatas, Macedonian satrap of India from 327, over AMBHI at Taxila, murdered. TAXILA reverts to Indians, comes under locals until 290. | 326 DGRBM 3-270, HCIP 2-57 323 CHI 471 |
| c.325 | Exiled general CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA established as a rival to the Nanda dynasty of India until 321. | soon after 326 KIH 80 325 B76 II-507 325-21 B76 9-350 324 HCIP 2-37, WNHI 55, bk 322 wikME 320 HCAI 36 313 CHI 156 |
| c.323 |  NANDA Empire at greatest extent under Dhana Nanda. |
323 wikME |
| c.323/2 | CHANDRAGUPTA, helped by bramin Chanakya, writes a comprehsive book on Hindu polity. | 323/2 OCD 949 |
| c.322 | PUNJAB, under Macedonians from 326, taken by CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA raja of Magadha 325-1, under Mauryas until 185. Some Macedonians remain until c.317. | 322 B76 II-507 |
| c.322 | CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA, raja of Magadha 325-01, controls all north India. | by 322 B76 1-172 |
| c.321 | SIND is not mentioned in the partition of Triparadisus. Therefore it is probably no longer under Macedonians. | 321 HCIP 2-58 |
| c.321 | DHANA, Nanda raja of Magadha from 329, overthrown by CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA raja of Magadha 325-1, who succeeds until 301. NANDA dynasty ends. Began 345. Maurya Empire begins until 185. |
324-22 WNHI 58 322 TAWH 17, 82, wikI 321 B76 II-507, VI-709, VII-179, 3-406, CHI 313, MCAW 172, crHI , wikME, wikNE, wikSI, wikTI 320 KIH 80, MRDK |
| Buddhists of Ceylon say 321. Jains say 313/2. | CHI 473 |
| c.320 | Agams , Jain scriptures, first recension in Pataliputra under leadership of Sthulibhadra. | 320 jaindhar 313/2 CHI 482 |
| by 320 | MAURYA EMPIRE fully occupies northwest India, conquering the satraps left by Alex-III. | by 320 wikME |
| c.317 | PORUS, satrap of the Hydaspes area from 326, Macedonian vassal, murdered by Macedonian garrison commander Eudemos, who flees west with his army. | 318 atl4 317 HCIP 2-59, bk, wikPor |
| c.316 | OXYARTES, satrap of Paropamisadae, former supporter of Eumenes, submits to Antigonus-I, and is allowed to keep his province. | 316 BHS 1-274, wikOx |
| c.316 | PITHON, son of Agenor, satrap of the Indus from 325, deposed by Chandragupta, flees to Babylonia. | 316 wikPsA |
| c.316 | CHANDRAGUPTA Maurya (helped by advisor Chanakya) defeats Macedonians, establishes seat of power in Magadha. | 316 wikME |
| Buddhists say 321/20. Jains say 313/12. | CHI 164 |
| c.314 | Seleucus Nicator leads an expedition as far as the Ganges. [not likely] | 314 DGRG 1-236 |
| c.312 | KASHMIR (mountain region at the angle between Afghanistan, Tibet, and Greater India) under Mauryan Empire until 200. | 312 rcCAE |
| c.312 | KABUL (Gandahar, Peswawar), under Macdonia from 329, comes under Mauryas until 150. | 312 rcCAS |
| c.312 | SELEUCUS contests with CHANDRAGUPTA until 304. | 312 BHS 1-296 |
| c.310 | Schism in JAINISM: Jains returning from Karnata to Magadha find unacceptable laxness. | 310 path 300 CHI 147 |
| c.310 | Jain leader philosopher BHADRABAHU-I, after a 12 year famine, leads exodus from stronghold in northeast to Sravana-Belgola in southeast. | 310 B76 I-1039 |
| c.307 | MUTASIVA ends. Raja of Anuradhapura in Ceylon from 367, ends. 2nd son DEVANAMPIYA TISSA succeeds until 267. | 307 wikDTA, wikLSLM, wikMA 250 wikAK 247 HCIP 2-237 |
| Pandukabhaya ruled 377-07, and was succeeded by Mutasiva, who ruled 307-247. | CHI 607-8 |
| c.305 | TAXILA, under locals 325-290, becomes a center of learning and law. | 305 MCAW 179 |
| c.305 | SELEUCUS-I Nicator, king of Babylonia 305-281, reaches the Indus and crosses. | 305 CHI 430, 472, GHH |
| c.304 | SELEUCUS-I Nicator, king of Babylonia 305-281, reaches Sindhu, in effort to recover India. | 305 CAH 7.1-210, HCIP 2-60, 102, KIH 84, MCAW 178 |
| c.304 | SELEUCUS-I Nicator defeated by CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA raja of Magadha (called Sandracottus by Macedonians) east of the Indus. | 305 B76 II-507, 1-173, 9-350, HCIP 2-102, wikTI 303 TAWH 82 |
| c.304 | Treaty between SELEUCUS-I and CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA raja of Magadha negotiated by Megasthenes. Seleucus cedes land east of the Indus (Paropamisadae, Arachosia, Gedrosia) and leaves India alone in exchange for 500 war elephants. This leaves Chandraguta in a strong position. |
305 B76 9-350, GHH, WNHI 59, bk 304 B76 9-840, IDB 3-744, lvD, lvGan, wikTI 305-3 CAH 7.1-59 304/3 LEWH 93 303 B76 16-503, CAH 7.1-210, MCAW 178, OHG, TAWH 82, hwD 302 DGRBM 2-1008, OCD 665, OHG 377 |
| c.303 | SELEUCUS-I Nicator marches from Punjab west. | 302 BHS 1-59 |
| c.302 | MEGASTHENES becomes ambassador of SELEUCUS-I to CHANDRAGUPTA at Patalputra until ?. | 303 MCAW 179 302 B76 4-574, OCD 665, OHG |
| c.302 | Arthashastra "Manual of Politics", a compendium of laws, administrative procedures and political advice for running a kingdom, written by CHANAKYA (Kautilya, Vishnu Gupta), minister to Chandragupta Maurya. a book of political realism, telling a raja what calculating and sometimes brutal acts he must do to preserve the state and the common good. | 302 ht 300 CHI 151, bk no date: B76 9-323, wikArθ |
| c.302 | Duties of a PARIVRAJAKA described in Arthashastra: "(the duties) of an ascetic (consist in) subduing his senses, withdrawal from worldly things and from communication with people, begging for alms, living in the forests, but not in the same place, cleanliness external and internal, abstinence from injury to living beings, and in sincerity, purity, freedom from envy, in kindness and in patience." These general rules could with slight alteration, be found in any Jain work. | 300 CHI 151 |
| c.301 | CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA ends. Raja of Magadha from 321, abdicates, becomes a Jain monk in south India until death 297. Son BINDUSARA succeeds until 265. | 301 WNHI 61 300 HCIP 2-69, bk 298 wikME |
India 300-201
V