| c.612 | Prophet NAHUM rejoices at fall of Nineveh. | 612 MCAW 75, WBH 20 |
| c.612 | HAMATH, under Assyria from 700, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 rcS |
| c.612 | DOR, under Assyria from 724, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 rcHL |
| c.612 | ACCO, under Assyria from 700, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 rcHL |
| c.612 | BETH-SHAN in north Jordan valley under Assyria from 722, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 rcCan |
| c.612 | SAMARIA, under Assyria from 722, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 rcHL |
| c.612 | Philistine cities Λ ASHDOD, ASKALON, EKRON, and GAZA, mostly under Assyria from 740, come under Babylon. Gaza until 609. Askalon and Ekron until 604, the rest until 539. | 612 rcHL |
| c.612 | MOAB, under Assyria from 710, independent until 605. | 612 CBCOT |
| c.612 | AMMON, under Assyria from 715, independent until 585. | 612 guess |
| c.612 | EDOM, under Assyria from 724, comes under Babylon until 539. | 612 hifiEd, rcHL |
| c.609 | NECO-II, king of 26th Saite dyn 610-595, leads full army into Levant to grab former Assyrian possessions and relieve his army in Carchemish. Puts down an uprising in Gaza. | 609 GHH, ISBE 2-390, RAI2 314, RAI3 377, WPOT 96, mxfld 609/8 IDB 3-795 608 MCAW 74 no date: 1Esdras 1:25, Sag1 141 |
| c.609 | GAZA, under Babylon from 612, taken by NECO-II, comes under Egypt until 605. | 609/8 Jud 13-403 |
| c.609 | SIDON, independent from 677 taken by NECO-II, comes under Egypt until 598. | 609 IDB 4-344 |
| c.609 | BEYRYT Lebanon, under Tyre from 1000, comes under Egypt until 605. | 609 rcLeb |
| c.609 | HALAP (Aleppo), under Assyria from 738, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcS |
| c.609 | ABILA, capital of Abilene, northwest of Damascus, under Assyrians from 732, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcS |
| c.609 | DAMASCUS, under Assyria from 732, independent until 605. | 609 rcS |
| c.609 | JOPPA, under Assyria from 701, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcHL |
| c.609 | BASHAN, under Assyrians from 732, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcS |
| c.609 | Son of Amon, JOSIAH dies. King of Judah from 640, rushes to Megiddo to prevent Neco-II from helping Assyrians at Carchemish. Neco tells him to go home. Refuses. JOSIAH is defeated and killed. Son (age 23) JEHOAHAZ succeeds for 3 to 6 months. | 610 GHH 609 B76 V-614, CAH 3.2, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 2-996, ISBE 2-1138, Jud 10-288, LEWH 45, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2 314, RAI3 377, Sdl 4-321, SOTS 219, WBH 20, bihi, biti, bivu, bk, ds, frN, hifiI, htc, lara, rcHL 608 DHJ 276, MCAW 75, RAI2, Sag, Sdl 3-369, WPOT 166, trubi 606 btl 525 lgbt |
| CONFUSION ALERT! Another Jehoahaz was king of Israel 814-798. |
| c.609 | Son of Josiah, JEHOAHAZ ends. King of Judah 609, deposed at Riblah Lebanon and deported to Egypt by Neco-II, pharaoh 610-595, who enthrones his bro Eliakim (age 23). ELIAKIM changes his name to JEHOIAKIM, and succeeds until 598. Judah is under Egypt until 605. | 2K 23:34 609 B76 10-134, CAH 3.2, CBCOT, GHH, HCC, ISBE 2-976, Jud 9-1316, 1321, LEWH 45, MNHK, MRDK, Sdl 4-347, WBH 36, bihi, biti, bivu, ds, htc, lara 608 IDB 2-810, hifiI, trubi 607 DHJ 289, Sag 606 btl 525 lgbt |
| c.609 | GALILEE, under Judah from 615, comes under Babylon until 539. Remains out of Jewish control until 104. | 609 rcHL |
| c.609 | HILKIAH ben SHALLUM , High Priest of Jerusalem from 625, ends. Son AZARIAH-V succeeds until 600. | 609 guess |
| c.608 | JEREMIAH, stands at a temple gate, tells people to obey the law and prophets or the temple will be destroyed. Priests and people call for his death. Princes of Judah come and all reconsider. They decide Jeremiah is right. | Jer 26:1 609 Sdl 4-351 |
| c.608 | JEREMIAH, sends yokes to ambassadors of Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tyre, Sidon with message to submit to Nebuchadrezzar or be destroyed. Says Neb's dynasty will rule until the time of his grandson. [correct] | Jer 27:1 |
| c.607 | Judah is vexed by Babylonians, Syrians, Ammonites, and Moabites. | 2K 24:2 607 CBCOT |
| c.605 | NECO-II of Egypt (and Ionian mercenaries) defeated at CARCHEMISH. A remnant of Egyptians flees to Hamath, and is wiped out. NEBUCHADREZZAR, son of Nabopolassar king of Babylon chases Egyptians south as far as Pelusium in the east Nile Delta. Babylon gains all lands north of it. | 605 B76 6-480, 10-134, 17-946, FLAP 185, GHH, HCC, IDB 3-530, ISBE 2-976, Jud 12-919, MCAW 74, MNHK 183, RAI2 315, RAI3 378, Sag1 141, SOTS 167, TTPC, WBH 20, WPOT 166 |
| c.605 | GAZA, under Egypt from 609, comes under Babylon until 539. | 605 guess |
| c.605 | BEYRYT Lebanon, under Egypt from 609, comes under Babylon until 539. | 605 rcLeb |
| c.605 | DAMASCUS, independent from 609, taken by Nebuchadrezzar, under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcS 604 B76 5-447 |
| c.605 | Former Assyrian vassals and allies in Levant accept Nebuchadrezzar as their new overlord, under Babylon until 541. ASKALON and JUDAH hold out, hoping for help from Egypt. | 605 B76 17-946 604 rcHL 604-2 MCAW 74 |
| c.605 | Prophet HABAKKUK, active from 619, ends. | 605 ds |
| c.605 | JEREMIAH gets word from Yahweh. Judah was warned and didn't repent. Therefore Nebuchadrezzar will come. 70 years captivity to follow. | Jehoiakim yr 4 Jer 25:1 605 BI+N 87 |
| c.605 | NEBUCHADREZZAR, son of Nabopolassar king of Babylon halts at border of Egypt, turns to deal with Egyptian vassal JEHOIAKIM king of Judah, conquers Jerusalem, robs temple. | 2Ch 36:6-7 606 GHH 605 CBCOT 604 B76 12-925 |
| c.605 | MOAB, independent from 612, subjugated by NEBUCHADREZZAR, but not fully under Babylon until 582. | 605 CBCOT |
| c.605 | JEHOIAKIM, king of Judah 609-598, Egyptian vassal from 609, becomes vassal of Nebuchadrezzar until 602. | 605 SOTS 346 604 rcHL |
| c.605 | 1st DEPORTATION V of Jews to Babylon: includes 7,000 craftsmen and smiths, 1,000 potential soldiers, and supposedly Hananiah, Mishael, Azariah, and DANIEL. | 2K 24:14 606 GHH 605 ISBE 1-487, MNHK 185, SOTS 346, ds, sl Jehoiakim yr 3 Dan 1:1 |
| c.605 | NEBUCHADREZZAR learns that father has died, returns from Levant to Syria to Babylon. | 605 implied |
| c.605 | JEREMIAH, ordered by Yahweh, dictates scroll to his secretary Baruch. Summarizes all prophesies against Judah from the days of Josiah. Tells Baruch to read it in temple court on next fast day. | Jehoiakim yr 4 Jer 36:1 605 ISBE 2-977, Jud 9-1356, Sdl 4-354, 379 |
| c.604 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, returns to Syria and Levant to collect tribute and deal with recalcitrants until 603. | 604 DOTT 79, ISBE 3-507, MNHK 186, RAI3 379, Sdl 4-348, SOTS 224, 234 |
| c.604 | JEHOIAKIM, king of Judah 609-598, against advice of Jeremiah, depends on help from Egypt. | 604 MCAW 74 |
| c.604 | BARUCH, secretary of Jeremiah, reads scroll in temple on a fast day, when people had gathered from cities of Judah. Princes take him aside and tell him to tell Jeremiah to hide, while they show the scroll to Jehoiakim. Jehoiakim burns Jeremiah's scroll, orders arrest of Jeremiah and Baruch. | Jer 36:9-23 604 BI+N 87, |
| c.604 | ASKALON and EKRON, under Babylon from 612, destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar, Askalon's king deported to Babylon. | 604 B76 11-988, DOTT 79, Jud 13-403, MNHK 186, Sdl 4-348, SOTS 225, WPOT 67 604/3 Jud 2-858, 12-197, 603 ISBE 2-977 |
| c.604 | EDOM, under Babylon 612-539, submits to Nebuchadrezzar without a fight. | 604 IDB 2-26 |
| c.604/3 | JEREMIAH, ordered by Yahweh, writes another scroll like the 605 scroll, adds that Jehoiakim will be killed and remain unburied. His son Jeconiah will not rule. | Jer 36:27 no date: Sdl 4-380 |
| c.603 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, in Levant from 604, returns to Babylon. | 603 SOTS 234 |
| c.602 | JEHOIAKIM, king of Judah 609-598, vassal of Nebuchadrezzar, withholds tribute. | 603 GHH 602 SOTS 246, ds 601 B76 10-135 3 yrs after becoming vassal: 2K 24:1 |
| c.601 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, goes from "Hatti" land (Anatolia or Syria) to Levant. Aids local governors in collecting tribute. | 601 Sdl 4-349, SOTS 234 |
| c.601 | EDOM under Babylon 612-539, reconquered by Nebuchadrezzar-II. | 601 CBCOT |
| c.601 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, leads army to Egypt. Severely defeated at border by NECO-II. | 601 B76 11-988, BI+N 88, DOTT 80, IDB 3-530, ISBE 2-977, 3-510, Jud 12-920, MCAW 74, MNHK 186, RAI2 316, RAI3 379, Sdl 4-349, SOTS 225, 234 601/0 B76 12-925 |
| c.600 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, returns from Levant to Syria to Babylonia. | 600 MCAW 74, MNHK 186, Sdl 4-349, SOTS 235 |
| c.600 | SOAP made in Phoenicia from goat fat and wood ashes high in potassium carbonate. Traded for goods from Gaul. (See Ebers 1550, Celts 750, Babylonia 550) | 600 B76 16-915, EOET 217 |
| c.600 | MIDDLE IRON Age in Palestine ends. Began 900. LATE IRON AGE begins until 300. |
600 IDB 1-207 |
| c.600 | Λ ARAMAIC V LANGUAGE spoken in Palestine, evidenced by a letter found at Sakkara, Egypt probably sent from Philistia. | 600 WPOT 148 |
| c.600 | Book of KINGS , 1st edition published. It denounces pre-Deuteronomic Israel for defection from law of Moses. | 600 IDB 1-504 |
| c.600 | Book of JOB A unified outline is completed by an Edomite poet. | 600 Sdl 5-213 |
| Origin of Book of Job is the most uncertain in the O.T. Existing text is obscure, and has many variants, even in LXX. It was hard to interpret, even in ancient times. | ISBE 2-1064 |
| c.600 | AZARIAH-V ben Hilkiah, High Priest from 609, ends. Son SERIAH succeeds until 586. | 600 rcHL |
| c.599 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562 fortifies Riblah and Hamath, sends raiders to plunder desert Arabs returns to Syria. | 599 IDB 1-112, SOTS 235 |
| c.598 | JEHOIAKIM, king of Judah 609-598/7, ignores warnings of Jeremiah, allies with Neco-II, rebels against Nebuchadrezzar. | 598 MCAW 78, SOTS 334 598/7 RAI3 379 |
| c.598 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, moves from northwest Arabia to Syria to Levant until 596. | 599 RAI2 316, RAI3 379 598 B76 11-988, 12-925, IDB 3-530, Jud 12-913, MCAW 78, MNHK 186, Sdl 4-349, SOTS 235 |
| c.598 | SIDON, under Egypt from 609, comes under Babylon until 588. | 593 IDB 4-344 573 rcLeb |
| c.598 | JEHOIAKIM king of Judah 609-598/7, learns from elders that URIAH ben Shemaiah has prophesied against Judah like Jeremiah did, seeks Uriah to kill him. Uriah flees to Egypt. Jehoiakim extradites Uriah and kills him. | Jer 26:20 |
| c.598 | Book of HABAKKUK A dialog between the prophet requesting help against the Babylonians, and Yahweh responding. Dead Sea Scrolls omit ch 3, suggesting that only ch 1 & 2 are authentic. | 598 IDB 2-503 |
| 598 late | At approach of Babylonians, the Rechabites flee Jerusalem. | late 598 Sdl 4-357 |
| c.598 | JEHOIAKIM, king of Judah from 609, either dies or abdicates to his son JEHOIACHIN (age 8 or 18), or makes him co-king until 597. | 2K 24:6 608 IDB 2-810 607 Sag 598 B76 10-134, BI+N 88, CAH 3.2, ISBE 3-508, Jud 9-1321, LEWH 46, MCAW 78, MNHK, Sdl 4-347, SOTS 235, WBH 36, ds, frN, lara, rcHL 597 CBCOT, HCC, hifiI, htc, trubi age 8 2Ch 36:9 age 18 1Esd 1:43 |
| c.597 | LACHISH (destroyed 700) burnt by Nebuchadrezzar 1st time. V | 598 FLAP 161, MCAW 78 |
| 597 Jan | JERUSALEM besieged by Nebuchadrezzar until March. | 599 GHH 597 DOTT 80, ISBE 3-507, Jud 9-1384, MCAW 78, MNHK 186, Sag1 142, SOTS 235, ds 596 BHoE 596 |
| 597 Jan | MOAB and AMMON join Nebuchadrezzar against Judah. | 2K 24:2 597 WPOT 241 |
| 597 Mar. 16 |
JERUSALEM besieged by Nebuchadrezzar from Jan., falls. Temple robbed. | 598 FLAP 160, IDB 2-203 597 B76 7-126, 10-135, 11-988, 12-925, 17-946, BI+N 88, IDB 1-764, 3-530, ISBE 1-631, Jud 12-913, MCAW 78, MNHK 186, RAH 110, RAI2 316, RAI3 379, Sdl 4-350, SOTS 235, TTPC, WBH 20, WPOT 188, bk, sl |
| c.597 | Λ 2nd DEPORTATION V of 10,800 JEWS including 3,023 adult males Babylon. Includes Ezekiel, officers, craftsmen, and smiths, temple furnishings and vessels. | Jehoiakim yr 11: 2K 23:36, 2Ch 36:5 Neb-II yr 7 Jer 52:28 598 IDB 2-186, 203 597 B76 7-127, 11-988, IDB 4-948, ISBE 1-486, Sdl 4-350, 5-4, SOTS 344, WBH 20, ds, hifiI |
| c.597 | JEHOIAKIM ben Josiah, king of Judah 609-598/7, either deported to Babylon (2Ch 36:6, 1Esdras 1:40), or dies in Judah (2K 24:6). | 598 B76 V-537, 2-916, CAH 3.2, IDB 2-813, ISBE 2-976, LEWH 46, MCAW 78, MNHK, SOTS 235, 322, btl, bivu, frN, lara 597 CBCOT, HCC, IDB 1-764, MRDK, Sag, WBH 37, bihi, biti, rcHL 596 kical |
| c.597 | JEHOIACHIN ben Jehoiakim, co?-king of Judah from 598, deported to Babylon by Nebuchadrezzar-II, who installs his uncle, MATTANIAH (age 21), who changes his name to ZEDEKIAH, and succeeds until 586. | 2K 24:15 599 GHH 598 CAH 3.2, FLAP 185, RAI3, frN, lara 597 B76 V-537, 10-135, 12-925, CBCOT, HCC, IDB 2-813, 4-948, Jud 6-1037, 9-1318, LEWH 46, MNHK, MRDK, Sag, Sdl 4-375, SOTS 226, 322, bihi, biti, bivu, bk, ds, hifiI, htc, trubi 597/6 Jud 16-961 596 kical 513 lgbt |
| c.597 | Prophet JEREMIAH sees vision of good and bad baskets of figs: good ones deported to Babylon, bad ones left behind in Judah. | Jer 24 597 MCAW 79 |
| c.596 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, finished with Judah, returns to Syria. | 596 B76 11-988, SOTS 235 |
| c.594 | Prophet JEREMIAH writes letter to captives in Babylon: Build houses, get comfortable. You're going to be there 70 years. Don't listen to prophets who say otherwise. | Jer 29 |
| c.594 | ZEDEKIAH king of Judah 597-86, sends embassy to captives in Babylon, includes Jeremiah's letter. | Jer 29:3 594 SOTS 344-47 |
| c.594 | TYRE, SIDON, AMMON, MOAB, EDOM all discuss a united rebellion against Nebuchadrezzar, send embassies to Judah asking Zedekiah to join them. | Jer 27 595/4 Sdl 4-358 594 B76 10-135, WPOT 241 594/3 Jud 6-1090 593 IDB 1-112 |
| c.594 | Prophet JEREMIAH tells Zedekiah that Jerusalem will fall to Neb-II and be burnt. Zedekiah will be taken to Babylon, and die in peace. | Jer 34:1-6 |
| c.593 | False prophet HANANIAH ben Azzur in Jerusalem, predicts return of captives and temple vessels from Babylon. Removes yoke from Jeremiah and breaks it. Predicts break of Babylonian power in 2 years, then dies, as predicted by Jeremiah. | Jer 28:1-17 594-3 IDB 4-948, Jud 6-1090 |
| c.591 | PSAMTIK-II king of Egypt 595-89, king of 26th Saite dyn, sends peaceful naval expedition into Levant and up the coast as far as Gebal, to harass Nebuchadrezzar-II and inspire revolt, returns same year. | yr 4 Shaw 372 591 Grim 362, Jud 6-1090 590Sdl 4-363 |
| c.591 | ITHBAAL-III ends. King of Tyre on island from ?. ESHBAAL-III succeeds until 573. | 591 adeT, wikT 591/0 rcLeb |
| c.588 | ZEDEKIAH king of Judah 597-86, rebels against Nebuchadrezzar. | 2K 24:20, 2Ch 36:13 593 GHH 589 B76 11-988 589/8 Jud 16-962 588 MCAW 82, SOTS 227, ds |
| c.588 | APRIES (Hophra) king of Egypt 589-70, sends naval expedition to Phoenicia, subjugates Phoenicia, takes Sidon. SIDON, under Babylon from 598, comes under Egypt until 586. |
589 Jud 8-971 588 MCAW 89 no date: Sag1 142 |
| c.588 | JEREMIAH leaves Jerusalem to go to Benjamin. Arrested on charge of intent to collaborate with Babylonians. Brought before princes of Judah. Imprisoned at house of Jonathan the scribe. | Jer 37:11-15 588 Jud 9-1351 |
| c.588 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, marches from Syria to Levant. Receives submission from all forts except Lachish. | 589 BI+N 89, Jud 9-1351 587 IDB 3-803, Sdl 4-366 |
| c.588 | 
Lachish Letters written in carbon ink in Ancient Hebrew on clay ostraca during siege by Nebuchadrezzar, contain 100 readable lines. They are written to Joash, possibly the commanding officer at Lachish, from Hoshaiah, a military officer in a city close to Lachish (possibly Mareshah). Hoshaiah defends himself to Joash regarding a letter he either was or was not supposed to have read. The letters also contain reports and requests from Hoshaiah to his superior. |
photo: NenyaAleks 588 BBP 28 588-6 wikLL |
| c.588 | Λ LACHISH burnt again by Nebuchadrezzar, deserted until 450. | 588 FLAP 161, Jud 10-1334 588-6 ISBE 3-58, bslb 586 IDB 3-54 |
| c.588 | JERUSALEM besieged by Nebuchadrezzar. | Zed yr 9 2K 25:1, Jer 39:1 590 GHH 589 IDB 4-949 588 ISBE 3-508, FLAP 162, Jud 12-913, MNHK 190, SOTS 235, 344, btl, ds, htc, trubi 587 MCAW 82, Sdl 4-366 |
| c.588 | ZEDEKIAH king of Judah 597-86, takes Jeremiah from dungeon at house of Jonathan. Asks for word from Yahweh. Jeremiah gives same reply as before, and asks not to be sent back to house of Jonathan. Reimprisoned in court and given daily bread ration. | Jer 37:17-21 |
| c.587 | Mainland TYRE, independent from 630, besieged by NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562. Tyre gets supplies by sea from Egypt, and holds out until 573. | 587 LEWH 48 585 GHH |
| c.587 | GEZER (Gazara) on plain of Sharon, under Judah from 922, comes under Babylon until 539. | 587 rcCan |
| c.587 | HEBRON, under Judah from 922, destroyed by Babylonians, comes under Edomites (with some Jewish settlement) until 167. | 587 IDB 2-576, rcCan 587/6 hifiEd |
| c.587 | JEREMIAH imprisoned in king's house. | Zed yr 10 Jer 32:1 587 MNHK 190 |
| c.587 | Princes of Judah go to Zedekiah, ask permission to kill Jeremiah because he weakens the soldiers. Zedekiah gives permission. Princes throw Jeremiah in dungeon of Malchijah. | Jer 38:4-6 582 bihi |
| c.587 | JERUSALEM under siege by Nebuchadrezzar: Wall is breached. Zedekiah flees. | 2K 25:1-4, Jer 39:1-2, 52:4-7 587 BI+N 91, IDB 4-949 587/6 Jud 16-963 586 Sdl 4-368, trubi |
| c.587 | DEBIR burnt by Babylonians. Never rebuilt. | 587 IDB 1-808 |
| c.587 | BETHEL destroyed by Babylonians. | 587 Jud 4-730 |
| c.587 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, leaves NEBUZARADAN in charge of siege of Jerusalem, with instructions to keep Jeremiah safe. Goes to besiege Riblah, Lebanon. | 587 CAH 3 |
| c.587 mid | EZEKIEL returns from Egypt to Gilgal. | 587 ISBE 2-255 |
| Whether EZEKIEL operated in Babylon or Levant or both is disputed. |
| c.587 | Jewish Calendar , used in Judah from ?, replaced by Babylonian Calendar until 332. | 587 B76 3-600 |
| c.587 | Pharaoh APRIES sends Egyptian army into Levant to counter Nebuchadrezzar. | 587 MCAW 82, Sdl 4-366 |
| c.586 | SIDON, under Egyptians from 588, falls to Babylonians until 539. | 586 MCAW 82 573 rcLeb |
| c.586 | Famine in Jerusalem. | 2K 25:3, Jer 39:2 586 ISBE 3-508 |
| c.586 | Ebed-Melech, Nubian eunuch, asks Zedekiah, for permission to remove Jeremiah from dungeon. Zed agrees and gives him 30 men. Ebed-Melech takes Jeremiah back to court prison. | Jer 38:7 |
| c.586 | EGYPTIAN TROOPS try to relieve siege of Jerusalem, but fail and withdraw. | 586 spring: BHoE 587 |
| c.586 | ZEDEKIAH king of Judah from 597-86, summons Jeremiah to temple. Jer repeats same message. Zed orders Jer to tell the princes that Jer was pleading not to be sent back to the house of Jonathan. Jer lies as directed, and is sent back to court prison. | Jer 38:14-28 |
| c.586 | JERUSALEM besieged by Babylonians from 588, falls to Nebuzaradan. Zedekiah flees to Jericho, and is captured. Jerusalem under Babylonia until 539. | Zed yr 11 Jer 39:2 588 GHH 587 B76 17-946, CAH 3.2, FLAP 185, IDB 2-204, 4-949, ISBE 1-631, RAI3 379, TTT, frN, lara 587/6 WBH 20 586 B76 10-135, 12-926, BCoC 195, BHoE 587, HCC, IDB 3-530, Jud 12-913, MCAW 82, MNHK 190, RAH 110, Sag1 142, Sdl 4-369, SHWC 30, SOTS 159, ds, trubi |
| Kingdom of JUDAH ends. Began 930. |
|---|
| c.586 | JEREMIAH removed from prison by Babylonian officers. Taken in chains to detention camp at Ramah. | Jer 32:1, 39:11, 40:1 587 Jud 9-1351 |
| c.586 | JEREMIAH at Ramah, writes scroll (Babylon will be destroyed and desolate.) and gives it to Seriah ben Neriah. Tells Seriah to read it to the captives at Babylon, then tie it to a rock and throw it in the Euphrates. | Jer 51:59 |
| c.586 | 1st TEMPLE at Jerusalem, completed 959, destroyed until 538, by Nebuzaradan. | Neb yr 10 2K 25:8-9 588 GHH 587 BNTH 57 586 B76 IX-881, ISBE 3-508, MNHK 190, SOTS 145, 236, bihi, btl, htc, trubi |
| c.586 | Λ 3rd DEPORTATION: V 832 adult males first to Riblah Lebanon by Nebuzaradan. Includes leaders of Jerusalem. Zedekiah, Seriah ben Azariah the High Priest from 600, Zephaniah the second priest, Gedaliah, prince Seriah ben Neriah. Poor people left to be vine dressers and husbandmen. Nebuchadrezzar-II at Riblah kills sons of Zedekiah in front of him, blinds Zedekiah and sends him to Babylon. |
2K 25:11, Jer 39:5-8, Jer 52:26-29 587 IDB 2-186, btl 586 B76 12-926, MCAW 82, Sdl 5-4, sl, trubi |
| c.586 | 3rd son of Josiah, ZEDEKIAH ends. King of Judah from 597, deported to Babylon by Nebuchadrezzar-II, who appoints a son of Ahikam GEDALIAH governor of Judah until 585, and tells him to take care of prophet Jeremiah. | 587 CAH 3.2, IDB 2-205, 4-948, LEWH 46, MRDK, RAI3, frN, lara 587/6 Jud 16-961, WBH 37 586 CBCOT, HCC, LEWH 46, MCAW 82, MNHK, Sag, bihi, biti, bivu, ds, hifiI, htc |
| c.586 | GEDALIAH governor of Judah 586-5, goes to Mizpah, encourages submission to Babylon. | 2K 25:22 |
| c.586 | Jeremiah writes Lamentations . | 586 htc pre-538 ENBD 707 |
| No he didn't. Jeremiah is never named or implied. | IDB 3-62 | |
| 50-50 chance. | ENBD 707 |
| c.586 | JEREMIAH released from detention at Ramah, goes to Mizpah, joins Gedaliah. | Jer 40 586 SOTS 237 |
| c.586 | Island TYRE besieged by NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562. | 587 ENBD 1303 586 MCAW 82, MNHK 186, MWΦ 23, bk 585 B76 X-223, Sdl 4-421 |
| c.586 | JERICHO, Under Israelites from 1260, depopulated until 538. | 586 wikJ |
| c.586/5 | Dispersed Jews hear that Babylonians have left. Many return to their homes. | Jer 40:11 |
| c.586/5 | ISHMAEL ben Nethaniah, of royal blood, intrigues with Baalis king of Ammon, plots to kill Gedaliah. | Jer 40:14 |
| c.586/5 | GEDALIAH dies. Governor of Judah for Nebuchadrezzar from 586, at Mizpah, killed by Ishmael ben Nethaniah, who also kills the Jews and "Chaldeans" with him. Ishmael gathers captives to take them back to Ammon. Overtaken at Gibeon by Johanan ben Kareah. Flees with 8 men to Ammon. | 2K 25:25, Jer 41:1-11 588 GHH 586 BI+N 112, Sdl 4-370, SOTS 344, WBH 37 rcHL, hifiI, trubi |
| c.585 | JOHANAN ben Kareah and remnant of Judah ask Jeremiah for directions from Yahweh. Jeremiah tells them Yahweh wants them to remain in Judah. They accuse Jeremiah of lying and head for Egypt. Jeremiah decides to accompany them. | Jer 42 |
| c.585 | JEREMIAH, active in Judah from 627, goes to Egypt until death 570. | Jer 42 |
| c.585 | GERASA, east of Jordan R., under Assyria from 715, independent until 539. | 585 rcJdn |
| c.585 | BAALIS, king of Ammon from ?, ends. | 585 hifiAm |
| c.585 | AMMON, independent from 612, comes under Babylon until 539. | 585 hifiAm, rcLeb |
| c.582 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, campaigns in south Syria and Transjordan. | 582 Jud 2-858 |
| c.582 | Λ 4th DEPORTATION to Babylon: under authority of Nebuzaradan: 460 Jews. | 582 B76 7-127, 12-926, HCC, LEWH 46, SOTS 249 581 Sdl 5-4, sl |
| c.582 | MOAB, kingdom from 1400, subjugated by Babylon 605, rebels and is reconquered, comes under Babylon until 539. | 600 vsbblv 582 rcJdn 581 CBCOT |
| c.582/1 | ENGEDI burnt by Babylonians. | 582/1 Jud 6-742 |
| c.581 | AMMON, under NEBUCHADREZZAR from 585, rebels under king Baalis and is reconquered. | 581 CBCOT |
| c.580 | AMMON: area east of Jordan River south of Jabbok River, occupied by Ammonites from 1300, invaded by desert Arabs. | 580 IDB 1-108, 4-2 |
| c.580 | RABBAH, capital of Ammon, destroyed by desert Arabs. | 580 IDB 4-2 |
| c.580 | Book of OBADIAH written by Obadiah: An anti-Edomite polemic. | soon after 587 IDB 3-579 |
| c.574 | Pharaoh APRIES begins series of campaigns into Cyprus and Phoenicia until 570. | 574 Shaw 373 |
| c.573 | ESHBAAL-III ends. King of Tyre from 591 on island, besieged by Babylonians from 586, surrenders. MERBAL (BAAL-II) succeeds until 564. | 586 arg 574 ENBD 1303 573 B76 X-223, ISBE 3-859, MCAW 84, MWΦ 23, RAI3, adeT, wikT 573/2 rcLeb 572 Sdl 4-421 571 RAI2, Sag1 143 |
| c.573 | TYRE, independent from 630, mainland, besieged from 587, falls to Babylon until 539, but everything of value is moved to island, which remains independent until 332. | 573 BHoE 588, LEWH 48, adeT, bk 572 IDB 3-803, Sdl 4-421 571 Sag1 143 |
| c.573 | GEBAL, under Tyre from ?, comes under Babylonia until 539. | 573 rcLeb |
| c.571 | Mainland TYRE becomes Babylonian province until 539. | 573 BHoE 588, TTPC 572 IDB 4-723 571 Sag1 143 |
| c.570 | APRIES (Hophra), king of 26th Saite dyn from 589, deposed, flees north to Babylonians in Levant until 567. Vizir AHMOSE-II usurps until 526. | 570 CAH 3.2, 3.3, Clay, DMoN, GEoP, Grim, JIAE, Murn, OCD 88, Shaw, ae, htc, ktut, nar, phou, pic, scar, tig, toureg, wikP 569 RAH 110, Sdl 4-363, resh 568 BHoE, RAI3, WERE, lveg |
| c.568/7 | In NEB-II's year 37, he comes from Babylon and campaigns in Levant and attacks Egypt again until 567 with little success. | 568 B76 11-988, Grim 363, Sdl 5-6, bk 568/7 B76 12-926, Jud 6-1090, 9-1355 567 IDB 3-530 |
| c.566 | Babylonian invasion of Egypt from 567 is defeated. No further Babylonian attempts on Egypt are recorded. | 566 CAH 4-87 yr 4 Shaw 373 |
| c.564 | MERBAL (BAAL-II), king of Tyre from 574, exiled to Babylonia until 556. YAKINBAAL succeeds and ends. CHELBES succeeds until 563. | 576 arg 564 MWΦ 23, ISBE 4-934, adeT, rcLeb, wikT 562 GHH |
| c.563 | CHELBES, king of Tyre from 564, ends. ABBAR succeeds until 562. | 575 arg 563 adeT, rcLeb, wikT |
| c.562 | ABBAR, king of Tyre from 563, ends. MATTAN-III and GER-ASHTHARI succeed until 556. | 562 adeT, rcLeb, wikT |
| 562 | latest date in Book of 2nd Kings . | ISBE 1-486 |
| c.560 | Additions to the 622 Book of ΛDeuteronomyV: 9:1-10:11, 11:26-30, chapter 27, 30:15-20, 31:1-13. | just before 550 IDB 1-504 |
| c.556 | MATTAN-III and GER-ASHTHARI, kings of Tyre from 562, end. BAAL-EZER-III succeeds until 555. | 569 arg 562 adeT, wikT 556 rcLeb |
| c.556 | MERBAL, member of captured Tyrian dynasty, exiled in Babylon from 564 returns to Tyre. | 556 MWΦ 23-4, ISBE 4-934, |
| c.555 | BAAL-EZER-III, king of Tyre from 556, ends. MERBAL succeeds until 552. | 568 arg 555 adeT, rcLeb, wikT |
| c.554 | NABONIDUS, king of Babylon 556-39, based at Haran, campaigns against Hamath, Amor, Lebanon, Adummu (region of Arabia). | 554 MCAW 88 |
| c.553 | NABONIDUS, king of Babylon 556-39, campaigns in Lebanon, raises more troops. | 553 RAI2 322 |
| c.552 | MERBAL ends. King of Tyre from 555. Bro HIRAM-III succeeds to 532. | 564 arg 552 MWΦ 24 551 adeT, rcLeb, wikT 533 elay |
| c.550 | PETRA founded by north-Semitic tribes. | 6-500 wikHAA |
| c. 550 | Books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1&2 Samuel, 1&2 Kings are submitted to Deuteronomic editing, i.e. obedience to Mosaic law is rewarded, disobedience punished. This editing is pervasive in Joshua, and supplies introductions and conclusions to stories in Judges. These books are completed in essentially their present forms. | 550 IDB 1-504, 3-712 |
| c.539 | HALAP, under Babylon from 609, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 B76 1-465, rcS |
| c.539 | BEYRYT Lebanon, under Babylon from 605, comes under Persia until 333. | 539 rcLeb |
| c.539 | GEBAL, under Babylon from 573, comes under Persia until 333. | 539 rcLeb |
| c.539 | DAMASCUS, under Babylon from 605, remains uncertain until 529. | 539 rcS |
| c.539 | ABILA, capital of Abilene, under Babylon from 609, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcS |
| c.539 | TYRE, under king Hiram-III 552-32: The island remains independent 630-332. The mainland, under Babylon from 573, voluntarily comes under Persia until 411. |
539 adeT, hifi, rcLeb 538 B76 X-223, ISBE 4-934 |
| c.539 | SIDON, under Babylon from 586, voluntarily comes under Persia until 332. Becomes prominent in the region until 350. | 539 hifi, rcLeb |
| c.539 | AMOASHTART becomes king of Sidon until ?. | 539 elay |
| c.539 | PHOENICIA under Persia divided into 4 vassal kingdoms: Sidon, Tyre, Arvad, and Gebal until 333. | 539 wikΦ |
| c.539 | Phoenicians, fleeing from Persians, emigrate to their colonies, especially Carthage. | 539 hifiC |
| c.539 | DOR, under Babylon from 612, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | ACCO, under Babylon from 612, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | SAMARIA, under Babylon from 612, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | JOPPA, under Babylon from 609, comes under Persia until 360s. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | BASHAN, under Babylon from 609, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcS |
| c.539 | HAMATH, under Babylon from 612, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcS |
| c.539 | GALILEE, under Babylon from 609, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | GERASA, east of Jordan R., independent from 585, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcJdn |
| c.539 | BETH-SHAN in north Jordan valley, under Babylon from 612, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcCan |
| c.539 | GEZER (Gazara) on plain of Sharon, under Babylon from 587, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcCan |
| c.539 | JUDAH and JERUSALEM, under Babylon from 586, voluntarily comes under Persia until 332. | 539 BI+N 116, LEWH 46, rcHL, jomm |
| c.539 | Philistine cities ASHDOD and ASKALON, under Babylon from 612, come under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL |
| c.539 | Philistine city GAZA, under Babylon from 605, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcHL 525 IDB 2-357 |
| c.539 | AMMON, under Babylon from 585, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 hifiAm, rcLeb |
| c.539 | MOAB, under Babylon from 582, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 rcJdn |
| c.539 | EDOM, under Babylon from 612, independent until 275. | 539 rcHL |
| c.538 | Jews: SHESHBAZZAR, ZERUBABEL, and JOSHUA lead 1st group V of returnees from Babylon to Jerusalem. | Ezr 2:2, Neh 7:7, 1Esd 5:8 538 CAH 3-409, CBCOT, IDB 3-534, 4-325, ISBE 4-1193, Sdl 5-41, WBH 21, bihi, btl, htc, rcHL, trubi 538/7 bihi 537 DHJ 335 536 GHH, TToH |
Their common language V is no longer Hebrew but Λ ARAMAIC V. (See Spain 500, clay/parchment 460) 539 wikAL
| c.538 | 1st TEMPLE, destroyed from 586, foundation of 2nd temple started by Sheshbazar. Completed 516 | Ezr 5:16, 1Esd 6:20 538 CAH 3-409, WBH 21, btl, trubi 537 hifiI 536 DHJ 338, HCC, bihi, htc 535 GHH |
| c.538 | Son of Jehoiachin, SHESHBAZZAR dies. Persian satrap of Judah from 538. Neph ZERUBABEL succeeds until 513. | Ezr 5:16, 1Esd 6:20 538 CAH 3-409, bihi 537 hifiI 520 rcHL |
| c.538 | JOSHUA ben Jozadak becomes High Priest until 515. | 538 HCC 525 sjud 515 wikHP |
| c.538 | JERICHO, depopulated from 586, refounded by Cyrus one mile southeast of its historic site at the mound of Tell es-Sultan and returned Jewish exiles. Under Jerusalem until ?. | 538 wikJ |
| c.536 | Adversaries of the Jews hear the celebration in Jerusalem, offer to help rebuild temple, rebuffed by Zerubabel, hinder Jews with secret plots and hired counselors until 520. | Ezr 4:1-4, 1Esd 5:68 535 GHH |
| c.532 | HIRAM-III ends. King of Tyre from 552. Successors unknown until 490. | 544 arg 532 MWΦ 24, adeT, rcLeb, wikT |
| c.529 | DAMASCUS, uncertain from 539, taken by Cambyses-II. Under Medo-Persia until 333. | 530 B76 5-447 |
| c.525 | CAMBYSES-II king of Medo-Persia 529-22, camps at Gaza in preparation to invade Egypt, buys camels from Nabataeans for 55 mile march thru desert. | 525 SOTS 244 |
| c.525 | CAMBYSES-II from Mesopotamia thru Levant to Egypt. | guess |
| c.525 | CAMBYSES-II king of Medo-Persia 529-22, invades Egypt until 522. | 525 B76 8-347, BHoE 595, 601, CAH 4-15, MCAW 96, Shaw 374, SOTS 244, WPOT 320 |
| c.522 | CAMBYSES-II king of Medo-Persia 529-22, in Africa from 525, returns to Palestine. | 522 B76 9-834, CAH 4-23, WPOT 321 |
| c.522 | CAMBYSES-II, son of Cyrus-II, king of Medo-Persia from 529, dies. Of unknown causes at Damascus, according to Herodotus. Accidentally stabs himself while leaping onto his horse at Haran, according to Behistun Inscription. General DARIUS-I HYSTASPES succeeds until 486. |
522 B76 II-478, 9-833, 11-989, 17-947, CAH 4-173, FLAP 195, MCAW 99, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sdl 5-48, Shaw 374, SOTS 244, WPOT 321 |
| c.520 | TYRE, under a local dynasty 556-?, island population: 2,500, mainland population larger. | 520 TTPC |
| c.520 | CARTHAGE detatches itself politically from TYRE. | 520 IDB 4-723 |
| c.520 | ZERUBABEL, governor of Judah 538-13, leads Λ 2nd group of returnees from Babylonia to Jerusalem: 42,360 men, 7,337 servants, 245 singers, 49,942 total. | Ezr 2:55-70, Neh 7:60-66, 1Esd 5:8 520 Sdl 5-41, WBH 21 |
| c.520 | Prophet HAGGAI begins ministry until 505, says it is not time to rebuild the temple, then tells them it is time. | Darius yr 2 Hag 1:1-11 520 B76 2-921, CBCOT, DHJ 340, FLAP 195, GHH, IDB 1-504, 2-510, ISBE 1-487, Jud 6-1041, Sdl 5-120, bihi, bk, ds, htc 519 btl |
| c.520 | Prophet HAGGAI tells Zerubabel that Yahweh will cause a great revolution soon. | Hag 2:21 520 IDB 3-363 |
| c.520 | 2nd TEMPLE, building resumed under Zerubabel until 516. Altar built. Sacrifices begin. | 536 Ezr 3:10, 5:16 Darius yr 2: Ezr 5:1, Hag 1:1-15, 2:18, Wars 6:5:8 return yr 2: 1Esd 5:57 520 B76 IX-881, CBCOT, DBANE 63, HCC, ISBE 1-868, 2-265, LEWH 46, MCAW 97, Sdl 5-120, SOTS 145, 259, WPOT 323, htc |
| c.520 | Prophet HAGGAI tells Zerubabel and Joshua, don't be dismayed because this temple is not as grand as Solomon's. Be strong. The glory of this temple will be greater than Solomon's. | Darius yr 2 Hag 2 520 HCC, IDB 2-510 |
| c.520 | Prophet ZECHARIAH begins until 488. Tells people Yahweh says obey Yahweh. Tells Jews not to be like their fathers who wouldn't listen to the prophets. Points out that even their fathers said that Yahweh's punishment was just. | Darius yr 2 Zec 1:1 520 DHJ 340, GHH, HCC, IDB 4-944, ISBE 1-487, Jud 6-1041, Sdl 5-122, bihi, htc |
| c.520 | Prophet HAGGAI tells Jews to reflect on past and present. Before building the temple there was poverty. After building it there will be prosperity. Promises a day when kingdoms will be destroyed and Zerubabel exalted. |
Hag 2:10... 520 IDB 2-510, Sdl 5-120 |
 Provinces of Medo-Persian Empire at its peak c.520. History of Persia |
| c.519 | Prophet ZECHARIAH gets 8 visions concerning future. Tells Zerubabel not to get political. | Zec 1:7 - 6:15 519 Sdl 5-122, WPOT 323 |
| c.519 | TATTENAI, Persian satrap of Samaria and SISINNES, Persian satrap of Syria both write to Darius-I advising him not to allow the rebuilding of the Jewish temple. | Ezr 5, 1Esd 6 520 GHH 519/8 HCC |
| c.518 | Prophet ZECHARIAH tells people Yahweh didn't hear the prayers of their ancestors because they were unjust and oppressive. | Zec 7:1-14 518 Sdl 5-124 |
| c.519 | DARIUS-I locates Cyrus' 538 decree allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem, confirms it, orders his satrap of Samaria, Tattenai, to help the Jews. | 519 GHH 519/8 HCC |
| c.516 |
|
Darius yr 6 Ezr 6:15 517 hifiI 516 B76 IX-881, BNTH 103, DHJ 341, GHH, HHC, IDB 1-504, WBH 21, bihi, btl, ds, htc, trubi 515 BI+N 103, FLAP 196, ISBE 1-868, Jud 9-1389, 11-815, LEWH 46, Sdl 5-124, SOTS 245 |
| c.516 | Solar Calendar revived with dedication of 2nd Temple. Used until 450. | 516 IDB 4-924 |
| c.515 | JOSHUA ben Jozadak, High Priest from 538, ends. Son JOIAKIM succeeds until 495. | Antiq 11:5:1 515 sjud 490 gw, hifiI, wikHP 483 GHH |
| c.515 | More additions to Λ Deuteronomy: Chs 1-4 and 29-30 are added. The legal sections of chs 19-25 are expanded to meet new situations. Chs 31-34 are added as a new conclusion. | end of the exile: wikBD |
| c.515 | ZERUBABEL suspended. Governor of Judah from 538, either goes on embassy to Babylon to rebut the Samaritans, or is recalled to Babylon. He is imprisoned until 510. High Priest JOIAKIM ben Joshua assumes leadership until 495. | Antiq 11:4:9 |
| c.505 | Prophet HAGGAI, active from 520, ends. | 505 ds |
Levant 500-301
V